#f. Output format
12 spaces between the first letter of “Name” and “Grade”

print("Name %12s" % "Grade")
print("123456789012345678901234567890")
>>> 
Name        Grade
123456789012345678901234567890
>>> 

The firs %10s is for “Name” right justified.
The second %10s is for “Grade” also right justified.

print("%10s%10s" % ("Name","Grade"))
print("123456789012345678901234567890")
>>> 
      Name     Grade
123456789012345678901234567890
>>> 

The number 18129.06 has to fit in 10 spaces including the decimal
period, the two decimal digits after the period and right justified.

print("%10.2f" % (400.2 * 45.3))
print("123456789012345678901234567890")
>>> 
  18129.06
123456789012345678901234567890
>>> 

The two floating point numbers has to fit in 10 spaces and right justified.

print("%10.2f%10.2f" % (400.2 * 45.3, 55*123.2))
print("123456789012345678901234567890")
>>> 
  18129.06   6776.00
123456789012345678901234567890
>>> 

Let’s make use of the for loop, the range and the output formatting:

#g. Calculating compound interest

principal = 1000.00  # starting principal
rate = 0.5           # interest rate

print ("Year %21s" % "Amount on deposit:")

## 1234123456789012345678901
## Year    Amount on deposit:

for year in range (1,11):
    amount = principal * ( 1.0 + rate ) ** year # amount = principal * ( 1 + rate )^year
    print ("%4d%21.2f" % (year,amount))         # cool format to display a table 
##   %4d    is for a number of 4 digits for variable year
##   %21.2f is for a number of 21 positions: 18 digits, a decimal period and 2 decimal places

####################################################################################
# %21.2f indicates that variable amount is printed as a float-point value with a 
# decimal point.
# The column has a total field width of 21 character positions and two digits of
# precision to the right of the decimal point; the total field width includes the 
# decimal point and the two digits to its right, hence 18 of the 21 positions appear 
# to the left of the decimal point.
####################################################################################

print("1234123456789012345678.90")

##
##Year    Amount on deposit:
##   1              1500.00
##   2              2250.00
##   3              3375.00
##   4              5062.50
##   5              7593.75
##   6             11390.62
##   7             17085.94
##   8             25628.91
##   9             38443.36
##  10             57665.04
##1234123456789012345678.90

The range function and the for loop

The range function:

###################################################################
# Mrs. Elia
# 10/25
# python 3.x
# Description: the range function
#
###################################################################

print ("This program demonstrates how to use the range function from python")

print ("range(10) creates a sequence or list of integers from 0 to 10-1 \n", list(range (10)))

This program demonstrates how to use the range function from python
range(10) creates a sequence or list of integers from 0 to (10-1)
[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]

print ("These are both equivalent")
print("range(0,10): ", list(range (0,10)))
print( "and range(0,10,1): ", list(range(0,10,1)))

These are both equivalent
range(0,10): [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]
and range(0,10,1): [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]

The for loop

a. numbers from 1 to 10 in increments of 1

###################################################################
# Mrs. Elia
# 10/25
# python 3.x
# Description: some uses of the for loop
#
#  The for loop
#
###################################################################

for counter in range (1,11):
    print ("value containded in counter is ",counter)   # counter --> 1 2 3 4 ... 10
    

value containded in counter is 1
value containded in counter is 2
value containded in counter is 3
value containded in counter is 4
value containded in counter is 5
value containded in counter is 6
value containded in counter is 7
value containded in counter is 8
value containded in counter is 9
value containded in counter is 10

b. from 10 to 2 in increments of -1 (decrement of 1)

for counter in range (10,1, -1):
    print (counter) # counter takes on the value of each item on the list

c. from 7 to 77 in steps of 7

for counter in range (7,78,7):
    print (counter)  # counter takes on the value of each item on the list

d. Summation

suma = 0
for number in range (1,11):
    suma += number
print ("The sum of all integers from 1 to 10 is ", suma)

The sum of all integers from 1 to 10 is 55

e. Summation

suma = 0
for number in range (2,101,2):
    suma += number
print ("The sum of all even integers from 2 to 100 is ", suma)

The sum of all even integers from 2 to 100 is 2550

Python Data Structures

Assignment: Write a program, factorial_YI.py. Use the “for” loop to calculate the factorial of a given number. Prompt the user for a number. (Look for the post)

More on The Random Module

Write a program, random_module_YI.py with this short program to understand how random.randrange works.

# Show the randrange range with the "while" loop

import random

i = 0
counter1 = 0
counter8 = 0

print("This program is silently counting the number of times")
print("the numbers 1 and 8 randomly come up with the following ")
print("instruction: randNumber = random.randrange(1,8)") 


while i < 1000:
    i += 1
    randNumber = random.randrange(1,8)
    if randNumber == 1:
            counter1 += 1
    if randNumber == 8:
            counter8 += 1

print("\nThe number 1 showed up ", counter1, " number of times")
print("The number 8 showed up ", counter8, " number of times")


>>> 
This program is silently counting the number of times
the numbers 1 and 8 randomly come up with the following 
instruction: randNumber = random.randrange(1,8)

The number 1 showed up  141  number of times
The number 8 showed up  0  number of times

Answer these questions on the corresponding post:
1. What is needed to import to be able to use the randrange function?
2. What does the body of the loop do?
3. What are the two “arguments” used in randrange?
3. What can you say about the second “argument” in randrange

Assignment:
Write a program, one_die_YI.py that prompts the user how many times to roll a six-sided die and a number on the die. Then it displays how many times the numbers come up.

The output should look like this:

>>> 
User friendly introduction... 

How many times do you want to roll a six-sided die? 500
What number would you like to know how many times it comes up? 3
The number  3  showed up  61  number of times in  500  of rolls

User friendly exit ... 
>>> 

Assignment:
Write a program, one_die_all_YI.py that prompts the user how many times to roll a six-sided die. Then it displays how many times all the numbers come up.
How many times should a die be rolled to validate the theoretical probability for each face to come up?

Class work:
Make sure you did the following:

1. Flowcharts for single “if” and uploaded to edmodo.com.
2. Flowcharts for single “if/else” and uploaded to edmodo.com.
3. Flowcharts for single “while“. Check your email for a google doc. Upload it to edmodo.com.
4. Flowcharts for YI_isitRight.py. Upload it to edmodo.com.
5. Draw your a flowchart from one of your programs.

Homework : The “while” with a counter – use the program discussed in class to work on this assignment.

Write a program from this flowchart: TwoSignificantDigits_YI.py

Homework: Use your program developed in class from the flowchart to find the other two digits: TwoMoreDigits_YI.py

Flowcharts:

The if control statement:

The if/else control statement:

Homework: Draw the flowchart for isItRight_YI.py.

Computer Number Systems – Part 1

Prof. Joseph J. LaViola Number System Resources

Since binary numbers representing moderate values quickly become rather lengthy, bases eight (octal) and sixteen (hexadecimal) are frequently used as short-hand. Octal numbers group binary numbers in bunches of 3 digits and convert the triplet to a single digit between 0 and 7, inclusive.

Some online help on binary numbers

Classwork:Do the rest of the parts for each exercise.

Homework:
Work on Tic Tac Toe project.

Computer Number Systems – Part 2

All computers – from large mainframes to hand-held micros – ultimately can do one thing: detect whether an electrical signal is “on” or “off”. Computer programs in BASIC and Pascal are converted by various pieces of systems software into sequences of bits (Binary digITs) which correspond to sequences of on/off (equivalently TRUE/FALSE or 1/0) signals. Proficiency in the binary number system is essential to understanding how a computer works.

The Decimal Number System

The Binary Number System

Convert a Binary Number to Decimal Number

The Hexadecimal Number System

The Octal Number System

Converting between different Number Systems.

Prof. Joseph J. LaViola Number System Resources

Since binary numbers representing moderate values quickly become rather lengthy, bases eight (octal) and sixteen (hexadecimal) are frequently used as short-hand. Octal numbers group binary numbers in bunches of 3 digits and convert the triplet to a single digit between 0 and 7, inclusive.

Some online help on binary numbers

Classwork:Do parts a and b for each exercise.

Work on Tic Tac Toe project.

working with lists

Classwork:
Write a new program, ListClwk_YI.py with the work develop in class.
1. Create a list, aList of 100 integers from 1 through 100.

Some tricks you should know:

total = 0
for i in range( len( aList ) ):
   total += aList[i]
print ("the sum of all items in the list is ", total)

total = 0
for item in aList:
   total += item
print ("the sum of all items in the list is ", total)

print ("the sum of all items in the list is ", sum(aList))

2. Create an empty list and adds to the end of the list 100 random integers from 10 to 500
3. Print the list in 10 rows by 10 columns format. Make sure the columns are lined up.
4. Count the number of integers that are even and odd and displays the values with a message.

python’s basic concepts in lists
Write a python program list_basics_YI.py

1. Creating a list.
2. add elements to a list
3. access a list’s values by iteration
4. access a list’s values by index
5. modify elements in a list
6. add all elements in a list
7. assign 100 random integer numbers between 1 and 100 to a new empty list, new_list

# 1. Creating a list.

a_list = []    # create empty list

# 2. add elements to a list
for number in range( 1, 11 ):
   a_list += [ number ]

print ("The values of a_list are:", a_list )  

# 3. access a list's values by iteration
print ("\nAccessing values by iteration:")

for item in a_list:
   print (item,end='')
print("\n")

# 4. access a list's values by index
print ("\nAccessing values by index:")
print ("Subscript   Value")

for i in range( len( a_list ) ):
   print ("%9d %7d" % ( i, a_list[ i ] ))

# 5. modify elements in a list
print ("\nModifying a list value...")
print ("Value of aList before modification:", a_list)
a_list[ 0 ] = -100   
a_list[ -3 ] = 19
print ("Value of aList after modification:", a_list)

# 6. add all elements in a list
total = 0
for i in range( len( a_list ) ):
   total += a_list[i]
print ("the sum of all items in the list is ", total)


# 7. assign random integer numbers between 1 and 100 to a new empty list, new_list

Required Submission
1. Copy and paste the programs in the Text Entry tab.
2. Submit the list_basics_YI.py or the repl.it link.
NOTE: Documentation
Header:

a) Assignment description ( you can copy and paste the assignment itself)
b) Author’s name
c) Language and version
d) Date of completion
Input/Output:
Input(If any) and output for each part.

Complete this assignment.

###################################################################
# Description: improve this program by using functions 
# Mrs. Elia
# 10/7
# python 3.9
#
###################################################################
aName = input("Hi! What is your name? ")
print "Hello ",aName, "! I hope you are enjoying your day!"

##>>> 
##Hi! What is your name? grace
##Hello grace! I hope you are enjoying your day!
##>>> 

Here is an outline of the changes:

#from
aName = input("Hi! What is your name? ")
print "Hello ",aName, "! I hope you are enjoying your day!"

# to functional programming
def hello(aName): # it prompts the user for a name
                  # it prints a message with the name

def main():       # it calls the only one function

main()  # execute by calling it

Read this article: Fostering Tech Talents in School. All of it.